Clean Energy and Water Technologies Pty Ltd (CEWT)
Carbon Recycling • Renewable Fuels • Energy Security

Core Platform

Carbon Recycling Technology (CRT): A platform that combines captured CO₂ and renewable hydrogen to create renewable fuels, dispatchable energy, and industrial decarbonisation solutions.

Technology Portfolio

Renewable Fuels
• Renewable Natural Gas (RNG)
• e-Methanol
• Sustainable Aviation Fuel (SAF)
• e-Gasoline and synthetic fuels

Energy Systems
• Dispatchable low-carbon power generation
• CRT-Trigen systems for data centres
• Combined heat, power, and cooling solutions

Industrial Decarbonisation
• Steel and DRI applications
• Refineries and petrochemicals
• Process industry carbon recycling
• Carbon utilisation and circular carbon systems

Business Model

• Technology licensing
• Process integration and system architecture
• Strategic partnerships
• Project development support
• Engineering and commercialisation pathways

Vision

Transform captured carbon from a waste stream into a renewable resource by creating circular carbon pathways that support energy security, industrial competitiveness, and net-zero objectives.

Why CO2 level in the atmosphere keep increasing year by year despite hundreds of billions being invested in renewable energy, hydrogen, and carbon removal?

Because the world is still adding fossil carbon to the atmosphere faster than it is removing or avoiding it.

The atmosphere responds to the net carbon balance, not to how much money is spent on climate solutions.

A few key reasons:

1. Fossil fuel consumption is still enormous

Despite massive growth in renewables, the world continues to consume vast quantities of:

• coal,
• oil,
• natural gas.

Renewables have often added to the total energy supply rather than fully replacing fossil fuels.

Global energy demand keeps growing due to:

• population growth,
• economic development,
• data centres,
• electrification,
• industrialisation.

2. Decarbonisation is not the same as defossilisation

Many climate strategies focus on:

• reducing emissions intensity,
• improving efficiency,
• increasing renewable generation.

But the underlying flow of fossil carbon from geological storage into the active environment continues.

From your perspective, this is the central issue:

Climate change is fundamentally driven by transferring fossil carbon from underground into the atmosphere, oceans, and biosphere.

Unless that transfer is progressively eliminated, atmospheric CO₂ will continue to rise.

3. Embedded carbon is often ignored

Large-scale deployment of:

• solar panels,
• wind turbines,
• batteries,
• electrolysers,
• transmission infrastructure,

requires:

• mining,
• refining,
• manufacturing,
• transportation.

These activities consume energy and generate emissions.

Although renewables generally reduce lifecycle emissions compared with fossil fuels, the embedded carbon is not zero.

4. Carbon removal remains tiny compared with emissions

Humanity emits roughly tens of billions of tonnes of CO₂ per year, while engineered carbon removal removes only a tiny fraction of that.

The scale mismatch is enormous.

Removing millions of tonnes sounds impressive.

But if emissions remain in the tens of billions of tonnes, atmospheric CO₂ continues to rise.

5. Natural sinks are under stress

The oceans and forests absorb a large share of human emissions.

However:

• Oceans are acidifying,
• forests face fires and land-use change,
• Ecosystems are under pressure.

Nature is still helping us, but not enough to offset continued fossil carbon additions.

The deeper systems view

You often describe this as a problem of Nature’s equilibrium.

In simple terms:

• For millions of years, carbon cycled within a relatively balanced system.
• Humans began transferring large quantities of fossil carbon from geological storage into the active carbon cycle.
• The atmosphere, oceans, and biosphere are trying to absorb this excess carbon.
• CO₂ concentrations rise because the inflow exceeds the outflow.

From that perspective, the critical metric is not:

“How much renewable energy have we built?”

but:

“How much fossil carbon are we still extracting and transferring into the active environment each year?”

Until that number approaches zero—or the carbon is continuously captured and recycled—the concentration of CO₂ in the atmosphere will tend to keep increasing, regardless of how much is invested in renewable energy, hydrogen, or carbon removal.

Carbon Recycling Technology (CRT) is a system architecture designed to deliver industrial defossilisation through integration of renewable hydrogen, carbon recycling, power generation, and fuel production.

CRT is founded on five key principles:

1. Circular Carbon Economy
   • CO₂ is treated as a recyclable process material rather than a waste stream.
2. Renewable Hydrogen Integration
   • Renewable hydrogen provides the energy input that drives the carbon recycling cycle.
3. Renewable Energy Utilisation
   • Renewable electricity is converted into storable and dispatchable energy forms.
4. Firm Baseload Power
   • CRT integrates renewable and conventional energy infrastructure to provide reliable, dispatchable power.
5. System-Level Defossilisation
   • The objective is not merely emissions reduction but the progressive replacement of fossil-carbon dependence across industrial systems.

Intended Outcomes

• Near-zero or zero-emission energy pathways (depending on system boundaries and capture efficiency).
• Productive utilisation and recycling of CO₂.
• Renewable hydrogen deployment at an industrial scale.
• Firm and dispatchable power generation.
• Renewable gas production is compatible with existing energy infrastructure.
• Improved energy security and resilience.
• Support for industrial decarbonisation and circular economy objectives.
• A practical pathway toward economy-wide defossilisation.

Why CRT Matters

CRT is not simply a hydrogen project, a carbon-capture project, or a renewable-energy project.

It is an integrated energy-system architecture that combines these elements into a single framework designed to deliver:

• Energy security,
• Industrial competitiveness,
• Emissions reduction,
• Circular carbon utilisation,
• Renewable energy integration,
• And long-term economic resilience.

 CRT is a defossilisation architecture rather than a standalone technology.

FROM ENERGY EXPANSION TO ENERGY ARCHITECTURE
Carbon Recycling Technology (CRT)

1. THE REAL CHALLENGE

The world is not facing an energy shortage. It is facing a scaling problem.
• ~40% more capacity required in a decade
• Infrastructure multiplication
• Material throughput limits
• Non-linear scaling effects

2. THE CORE PROBLEM

We are trying to scale an energy system based only on electrons.
Electrons are excellent for transmission but poor for storage and system scaling.

3. THE MISSING LAYER

Energy systems require two vectors:
Electrons (⚡): transmission
Molecules (⚛️): storage & energy density
Hydrogen + Carbon = scalable architecture

4. CEWT SOLUTION: CRT

Closed-loop carbon cycle:
Renewables → Hydrogen → RNG → Energy → CO₂ capture → Recycle

5. WHY CRT

• Eliminates entropy tax
• Restores energy density
• Reduces material burden
• Enables energy security

6. STRATEGIC SHIFT

From decarbonisation → defossilisation
From linear carbon → circular carbon

7. FINAL MESSAGE

If the physics closes, the system scales.
Hydrogen provides energy. Carbon carries it.

A Cross-Sector Energy Architecture for Continuous, Defossilised Industry

1. The Core Insight

Modern industry does not suffer from a lack of energy—it suffers from a lack of continuous, controllable, and integrated energy systems.

Current solutions:
• Renewables → variable
• Fossil fuels → reliable but carbon-intensive
• Hydrogen → flexible but supply-constrained

The missing link is system architecture.

2. What is CRT?

Carbon Recycling Technology (CRT) is a proprietary energy system architecture that:

• Converts renewable electricity into hydrogen (energy input)
• Combines hydrogen with captured CO₂ to produce renewable methane (RNG)
• Uses RNG as a stable, dispatchable energy carrier
• Recaptures CO₂ and reintroduces it into the cycle

Creating a closed carbon loop powered by renewable energy.

3. Why CRT is Different

CRT is not a unit process. It is a system-level integration of proven technologies:

• Power generation (GTCC or equivalent)
• Hydrogen production (electrolysis)
• Syngas generation (SMR or alternative)
• Methanation (CO₂ + H₂ → CH₄)

The innovation lies in how these elements are integrated.

4. From Process to Architecture

Conventional Approach:
• Single industry solution
• Linear energy use
• Intermittent renewables
• Fuel dependency

CRT Approach:
• Cross-industry platform
• Closed-loop carbon cycle
• Continuous energy supply
• Energy independence

5. Cross-Industry Applicability

• Steel (DRI): Continuous reduction gas + heat
• Aluminium: Baseload electricity + thermal stability
• Chemicals: Electrochemical energy integration
• Desalination: Energy–water coupling
• Glass & high-temperature industries: Continuous thermal energy

6. Strategic Value

• Energy Security: Reduced reliance on imported fuels
• System Stability: Firm, dispatchable renewable energy
• Decarbonisation: Reduced fossil dependency
• Industrial Competitiveness: 24/7 energy supply

7. Role of Industry Partners

CRT operates as a modular ecosystem:

• Technology vendors supply individual process units
• CEWT provides system architecture and integration

8. Why It Matters Now

As renewable penetration increases:
• Grid instability rises
• Industrial energy gaps widen
• Fossil backup persists

CRT addresses this by enabling reliable, renewable, closed-loop energy systems.

9. CEWT’s Position

• Originator and system architect of CRT
• Focused on utility and industrial-scale deployment
• Advancing a 135 MW flagship project in Western Australia

CRT is not a new fuel. It is a new way of organising energy.

Investor Signalling

Clean Energy and Water Technologies (CEWT) is developing a 135 MW energy project in Western Australia focused on delivering firm, dispatchable renewable power for industrial applications.

The project is built around a system-level approach that converts intermittent renewable energy into a continuous supply, while enabling a closed-loop carbon cycle.

It is aligned with:

• Industrial decarbonisation
• Green iron and export competitiveness
• Emerging carbon pricing mechanisms such as CBAM

We are currently engaging with strategic partners and institutional investors interested in next-generation energy infrastructure.

If this aligns with your focus, feel free to connect.

#EnergyInfrastructure #CleanEnergy #Investment #GreenIndustry #Australia

Clean Energy and Water Technologies Pty Ltd (CEWT)

ABN 61 691 320 028 | ACN 691 320 028

Technology Note

Why Carbon Recycling Technology (CRT) Is Structurally Superior for Green Iron Production

Date: March 2026

Prepared for: Government agencies, investors, industrial partners

Overview

Carbon Recycling Technology (CRT) enables zero-emission iron production by combining hydrogen-rich syngas reduction with a closed carbon loop.

Unlike hydrogen-only pathways that require large new infrastructure and massive electrolysis capacity, CRT preserves the proven gas-based reduction chemistry used in Direct Reduced Iron (DRI) systems while eliminating net carbon emissions.

This approach allows the transition to green iron production using existing industrial infrastructure with significantly lower energy and hydrogen requirements.

1. Uses Proven Gas-Based Iron Reduction Chemistry

CRT reduces iron ore using hydrogen-rich syngas (CO + H₂) generated through steam reforming.

This is the same fundamental chemistry used in natural-gas-based DRI processes such as those deployed globally by Midrex.

Advantages

• Proven shaft-furnace technology
• Established reduction kinetics
• Mature industrial operating experience
• Reduced technical risk

CRT, therefore, builds on existing metallurgical practice rather than introducing an entirely new process.

2. Achieves Zero Emissions Through Carbon Recycling

In conventional natural-gas DRI:

Natural Gas → Reduction → CO₂ released to atmosphere

In CRT:

Natural Gas / RNG → Reduction → CO₂ captured → recycled → Renewable Natural Gas (RNG)

The carbon atom, therefore, circulates continuously within the system, acting as a recyclable carrier rather than being emitted.

This closed molecular loop allows CRT to achieve net-zero emissions without eliminating carbon from the process chemistry.

3. Dramatically Lower Hydrogen Requirement

Hydrogen-only ironmaking requires hydrogen to supply both:

• the reducing gas, and
• the energy source for the process

This results in very large electrolysis capacity requirements.

CRT instead uses hydrogen-rich syngas, with only a small renewable hydrogen trim required to maintain the carbon recycling loop.

Benefits

• significantly smaller electrolysers
• lower renewable electricity demand
• reduced hydrogen storage requirements
• improved economic feasibility

4. Compatible With Existing Industrial Infrastructure

Hydrogen-only steelmaking requires major changes to industrial systems, including:

• new hydrogen production infrastructure
• new fuel supply networks
• modified furnaces and process systems

CRT maintains compatibility with existing infrastructure, including:

• gas reforming systems
• DRI shaft furnaces
• gas handling and distribution networks
• high-temperature industrial heat systems

This allows decarbonisation to proceed faster and at lower capital cost.

Structural Advantage of CRT

Traditional decarbonisation approaches attempt to remove carbon from industrial energy systems.

CRT instead recycles carbon as a molecular energy carrier, while renewable hydrogen provides the incremental energy required to maintain the loop.

This architecture preserves the thermodynamic advantages of carbon-based fuels while eliminating net emissions.

Conclusion

Carbon Recycling Technology provides a practical pathway for green iron production by combining:

• proven gas-based reduction chemistry
• closed-loop carbon recycling
• minimal hydrogen requirements
• compatibility with existing infrastructure

This system architecture enables heavy industry to transition toward zero-emission production while maintaining operational reliability and economic viability.